Friday, May 31, 2019

Negative Effects of Global Warming Essay -- Environment greenhouse gas

Global Warming Global warming is causing a negative effect on the whole planet and we all need to do something to stop it. The climate is changing frequently and is making the planet hotter in some parts and in other parts its making it colder. There are two factors affecting global warming. The first types of factors are natural factors care changes in the solar output, changes in the realitys orbit, the green house effect and aerosols. The change in the solar output is the amount of energy radiating from the earth?s sun is not constant. The change of orbit of our planet affects where the sun?s energy is received on earth. Thus affecting the amount of energy that is reflected and negligent on earth. The aerosols help shield us from the effects of global warming and that?s why it is sometimes referred as a global sunscreen. The aerosols cool earth by reflecting sunlight. With fewer aerosols, the effects of global warming will be felt more. The greenhouse effect is the r ise in temperature that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere like water vapo...

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Evolution of Thought Essay -- Science Biology Biodiversity Essays

Evolution of Thought It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, masked with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting some, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from severally other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species I knew very little about and did not have much interest in evolution, systematics and biodiversity prior to the first off week of this class. The knowledge I had about these topics came from introductory courses and what I was being told by my family. I soon discovered that I had a lot to learn. I was raised in the Roman Catholic Church. I completed my First colloquy and Confirmation. I grew up being told that God created all that is around us. Everything seemed so cut and dry until I began studying evolution in school. It was hard for me to look for and understand both points of view initially. However, through several courses and due to my interest in science, I eventually came to my own conclusion. This conclusion however, as I build out this week, was still incorrect. I thought what I believed in was evolution. I found out this week that what I thought was evolution was in point progressionism. Progressionism is the idea that life on Earth can be characterized by forward movement from lower to higher life forms. In the beginning of the first class we were asked to answer a few questions related to evolution and systematics. One of the questions asked what we thought the most highly evolved organism was. I had al... ...ws he defines. I do not yet completely understand the laws Darwin defines, but I know that during the course of the semester I will learn so much more than I already have as I gain a better understanding of Darwins words, evol ution, biodiversity, the study of systematics and how they are interconnected. I do understand maven thing completely now as a result of this week, however. I understand that no matter how simple or disgusting an organism whitethorn seem to me, it is amazing, beautiful, and vital to understanding evolution, systematics, and biodiversity. Works CitedDarwin, Charles. 1979 (originally published 1859). The Origin of Species. Gramercy Books. New York.Larson, Gary. 1998. Theres a Hair in My Dirt A distorts Story. HarperCollins. New York.Savage, Jay M. 1995. Systematics and the Biodiversity Crisis. Bioscience. 45(10) 673-697.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Last Samurai :: essays research papers

My Place of RefugeFor a number of people visiting places of significance can be the channel for changing ones principal of view on life, recharging ones emotional battery, or growing closer to ones family and friends. These favorite places could have characteristics such as capture beauty, sen convictionntal value or a refuge of serenity. My favorite place where I adventure refuge is at Pomme De Terre Lake near Bolivar, Missouri. This is where I find a connection with my family and friends. The lake is a place to reflect on times spent growing up and now a place to make new memories with my family and friends. A place to find refuge from normal casual life and take in the beauty of such a splendid area that God created. 1.The smells abut me in an irresistible craving for the lake.A. The smell of the dew in the morningB. Smells of the campfiresC. Waking up by the aroma of the bacon heat.2. As I think of the aroma of the bacon frying it brings my to the sensational tastes created at the lake. A. The flavor of the bacon in your mouth.B. I take delight in the taste of the smoked turkey on July 4.C. The taste of a nipping beer while spending a hot day on the lake or enjoying a late night game of cards.3. The magnificent sights created at the lake.A. Blazing orange tree and red colors created by the flames of the campfire.B. The marvelous scene of an evening sunset.C. The view of our family enjoying time together at the lake.4. The sounds of the lake create a refuge from the normal day-to-day life.A.The voices of my family talking and laughing B. The roaring of the engines of the boats racing up and down the water.C. While laying in the tent taking in the peaceful sounds of the night5. The lake makes me tone of voice such an enjoyment.A. The live of the salmon ski under my feetB. The control I feel while in the drivers seat of the boatC. The feel of the dew under my feetPeople need to find a place that can cause a renewing to their body and their inner self. People need time to create significant memories with their family and friends. They need a place to reflect back on the beauty of our magnificent world that God created. We all need to find a way to recharge our emotional battery and grow closer to the ones we love.

Journalism, Real Creativity and Reactionary Creativity :: English Literature Essays

Journalism, Real Creativity and Reactionary CreativityOn January 1, 2002 I had fin solelyy finished authoring my latest fiction book, which is titled The Great immature proceeds War, A 1960 Novel. The work was quite a Promethean task to complete, having 162,000 words on 468 pages presented in 46 Chapters. When I read my final draft, I theorise I felt a little like Victor Frankenstein must have when he first fully viewed the monster that he had created.The Great adolescent Fruit War is set in 1960 Hammonton and involves conflict between the Blues, the sons of downcastberry farmers and the Reds, the sons of peach farmers (please remember, a novel is fiction). The Blues are the antagonists and wear button-down blue denim jackets, and the Reds are the protagonists and wear zip-up red James Dean jackets like those worn by the famous actor in the 1955 classic film, Rebel without a Cause. The Great Teen Fruit War is the sequel to Black Leather and Blue Denim, A 50s Novel.In the Great Te en Fruit War, Bellevue Avenue is the dividing border between blueberry country to the east and peach territory to the west. To spice up the story, the Reds have one antagonist named Ronald Goose Restuccio, the son of a mafia kingpin. Complicating matters even further is a third gang, The Ramrodders, a group of greasers that interact with the Reds and the Blues.Now heres the essential difference between fiction and non-fiction. The Fruit Wars setting is real, but the story and the characters are not. Most of the characters are composite, a combination of two or more people I have known. I have taken elements from these past acquaintances and synthesized each of them into a new person just like Victor Frankenstein had done with his monster. In all due respect to Gabe Donio, Gina Rullo and to Ben Meritt, front-page journalism or news reporting is relatively easy. It is basically accurate descriptive narrative writing that involves the questions Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? and t hen providing a few direct quotes and a first paragraph hook that captures the readers attention.Now Gabe Donio and Gina Rullo take the Hammonton Gazette to a higher level of cerebration when they write the Editorial Page, because now we have opinion based on fact, which involves interpretation, analysis, problem solving and controversy. These are higher level thinking skills where some local anaesthetic citizens might become inflamed because they didnt savor the way certain facts have been interpreted, analyzed or problem solved.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Three Sociological Perspectives :: Sociology Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

Three Sociological PerspectivesThis paper discusses three approaches that can be taken when analyze Sociology. in that respect ar many subjects to be studied and discussed in the field of Sociology, and the approach chosen to study a particular subject is called a location. There are three unalike perspectives, and they are functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. This paper compares and contrasts these different perspectives with one another. When studying in the field of Sociology everyone is going to approach topics in a different manner. No two people are going to have the exact same view on a particular subject. There are however, three major categories in which people might choose to approach topics. The approaches are know as sociological perspectives and are the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. These perspectives name different ways in which different people choose to analyze a subject, and how they look at a society as a whole. The following paragraphs compare and contrast the three, and nominate major characteristics of each. Functionalist PerspectiveDefinitionThe functionalist perspective is a sociological approach which emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structure to maintain its stability,(Schaefer & Lamm, 1998). This perspective looks at a society in a positive manner and sees it as stable, with all the parts working together. Under the functionalist view every sociable aspect of a society contributes to the societys survival, and if not, the aspect is not passed to the next generation.FoundersThere are two people who where mainly involved in the development of the functionalist perspective, they are Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons. Durkheim contributed to the functionalist perspective when she was studying religion, and how it was responsible for people feeling solidarity and unity in groups. Parsons was a sociologist from Harvard University who was greatly influenced by Du rkheim. In return, he influenced Sociology by dominating the field, with his functionalist views, for iv decades (Schaefer & Lamm, 1998).CharacteristicsWhen approaching a subject with the functionalist perspective, manifest and latent functions as well as dysfunctions are looked at and studied. A manifest function of an institution is one that is stated and expected. A latent function is one that is unexpected or can show a hidden purpose of an institution, and a dysfunction is a component of a society that can cause instability (Rothman, 1998). These functions and dysfunctions are use in analyzing a society.

Three Sociological Perspectives :: Sociology Functionalist Conflict Interactionist

Three Sociological PerspectivesThis paper discusses three approaches that bottom be taken when studying Sociology. There are many subjects to be studied and discussed in the field of Sociology, and the approach chosen to study a particular subject is called a lieu. There are three different perspectives, and they are billetalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. This paper compares and contrasts these different perspectives with one another. When studying in the field of Sociology everyone is going to approach topics in a different manner. No two volume are going to have the exact same view on a particular subject. There are however, three major categories in which people strength choose to approach topics. The approaches are know as sociological perspectives and are the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. These perspectives name different ways in which different people choose to dismember a subject, and how they look at a society as a w hole. The following paragraphs compare and contrast the three, and identify major characteristics of each. Functionalist PerspectiveDefinitionThe functionalist perspective is a sociological approach which emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structure to maintain its stability,(Schaefer & Lamm, 1998). This perspective looks at a society in a positive manner and sees it as stable, with all the parts working together. Under the functionalist view every social facial gesture of a society contributes to the societys survival, and if not, the aspect is not passed to the next generation.FoundersThere are two people who where mainly involved in the development of the functionalist perspective, they are Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons. Durkheim contributed to the functionalist perspective when she was studying religion, and how it was responsible for people feeling solidarity and unity in groups. Parsons was a sociologist from Harvard University who was greatly influenced by Durkheim. In return, he influenced Sociology by dominating the field, with his functionalist views, for four decades (Schaefer & Lamm, 1998).CharacteristicsWhen approaching a subject with the functionalist perspective, march and latent functions as well as dysfunctions are looked at and studied. A manifest function of an institution is one that is stated and expected. A latent function is one that is unexpected or can show a hidden purpose of an institution, and a dysfunction is a component of a society that can cause instability (Rothman, 1998). These functions and dysfunctions are use in analyzing a society.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Network Security Essay

Firewall-A firewall is a softw are program or a piece of information that jockstrap screen reveal hackers, virus, worms and Trojan horse that try to reach to your computer over the internet. If you use a computer at home the most economical and outstanding step to help your computer to protect by turning on your firewall. If you have a more than one computer connects in home. It is important to protect every computer. You should have a hardware firewall (such as router) to protect your network, but you should besides use software firewall on each computer to proscribe the spread of virus your network. If your computer is a part of business, you should follow the policy established by network administrator. How it works-When your firewall protection is turned on, everything that goes in and out of the network is monitored. The firewall monitors allows good data in and block bad data from entering your network. Firewall uses one or combination of the following method to control th e merchandise in and of the network- 1) Packet filtering-The most basic form of firewall software uses pre-determined rules to create different filters. If an incoming packet of data (small chunk of data) is flagged by the filters, it is not allowed through. Packets that make it through the filters are sent to requesting system and all others are discarded. 2) Proxy services-A proxy service is an application that acts as an intermediary between systems. Information from the internet is received by the firewall and sent to the requesting system and vice versa. Proxy server operates at the application layer of firewall, where both ends of the inter-group communication are forced to conduct session through the proxy. They operate by creating and cart track a process on the firewall that mirrors a service as if it were running on the host end, and thus centralize all the information transfer to the firewall for scanning. 3) Stateful inspection-The most modern method of firewall scan ning that does not rely on memory intensive examination is Stateful inspection. A Stateful firewallholds significant attributes of each connection of trusted information for the duration of session. These attributes which are collectively known as state of the connection may include ip addresses, ports involved in the network and number of packets being transferred. Types-There are two types of firewall that are as follows-Hardware firewall.Software firewall.1) Hardware firewall-Hardware firewall built into the device such as routers and can protect every single machine on a network and require little configuration for efficient work. They mostly use packet filtering technique to examine the header of the packet, determining source and destination, then study the data to a set of predefine rules, they decide whether to ignore the packet or forward to the next step or to its final destination. 2) Software firewall-Software firewalls are the most popular protection method for home us ers. They usually come as standalone applications or as a part of complete antivirus protection software. That is wherefore it is mostly used in personal network. Antivirus such as bull guard provides besides providing protection for inbound and outbound traffic. A software firewall also protects against worms and Trojan horses.The software firewall must be regularly protected to keep up the latest technology updates and provides effective protection. NOTE-Each type has advantages and disadvantages, ranging from still of implementation to high initial cost. Companies should use the firewall as part of overall information security program that includes data integrity, application integrity and data confidentiality and authentication.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Management Challenges and Concerns Report Essay

The purpose of the Management Challenges and Concerns Report is to indicate the responsibilities of heed and how to meet or exceed company goals. This report includes details of management challenges inside a company. In addition, this report specifies possible causes and solutions to internal issues at work. This report shall prove how strategic planning, goals, productivity, and evaluating issues play a significant role in firmness issues in human resource management entities. Some of the responsibilities of human resource management harp of providing employees with information on the companys vision, goal, HIPPA privacy rights, and bang statement. In addition, employees receive information on safety rules, insurance benefits, compensation, employee relations, training, and orientation classes.These responsibilities are significant and require patience along with strong leaders. Human vision Managers has to acquire a bachelors or masters degree in management, management classe s, and pass test. Also human resource management requires the following characteristics confirmatory, consistent, prompt, role model, team player, and strong leaders. Performance Management consist of appraisal system, driving appraisal process, evaluating employee performance, and performance counseling (Brewster & Soderstrom, 1994). Internal issues pertaining to employees consist of productivity, durable by company rules, safety, passing training classes, and positive work ethics. Human Resource Management has rules and regulations in the company handbook to ensure consistency at work. These rules and regulations set the pace for a productive and professional workplace environment for employees and management.Internal issues may arise however it is human resource management responsibleness to solve any issues before any escalate. Employee Relations play an important role in solving internal issues by evaluation and resolution. Employee Relations consist of the following duties grievance handling, discipline management, managing absenteeism, managing attrition, and employee termination (Brewster & Larsen, 2000). Strategic planning is vital because it provides a forecast for the company to follow in efforts to exceed goals and gain a competitive advantage. Goals and productivity shall be reasonable and achievable by following rules and the company mission statement.Management shall evaluate and solve internal issues with good decision-making and by the company handbook accordingly. In conclusion, this report specifies the responsibilities of human resource management in thorough details. The elements of solving internal issues consist of following strategic plans, goals, rules, and mission statement. As a result, the company shall gain a professional workplace environment, productivity, and competitive advantage. This report proves that following strategic plans and enforcing company guidelines are the foundation to positive work ethics and suceess.Referen ceBrewster, C., & Larsen, H. H. (2000). Human Resource Management in europium The Role of the Line. Human Resource Management in Northern Europe Trends, Dilemmas and Strategy, Oxford, Blackwells . Brewster, C., & Soderstrom, M. (1994). Human Resource and Line Management. Policy and Practice in European Resource Management, London, Rourledge .

Saturday, May 25, 2019

America’s Two Assemblies Essay

IntroductionThe U.S. government is composed of a bicameral Congress. The first one is the Senate, which is represented equally by the states. The consequence one is the House of Representatives, which is represented by existence. This setup is proposed by the Connecticut Compromise, which combines the proposal of advanced Jersey and Virginia regarding the issues surrounding the creation of a new Congress. modern Jersey, one of the smaller states, insisted that each state should beget equal representation in the Congress. But the Virginia Plan argued that a legislature based on population is more fitting. So as a result, the two proposals were combined satisfactorily forming the two houses of the Congress (Lader 2002, 55).The U.S. Senate, or the upper house, is bestowed with different powers, one of which is the power to extol the truths and treaties be shined by the presidential or the executive branch of the government, as well as the ones coming from the lower house. It app roves the laws and treaties by the virtue of two-thirds of votes of the whole Senate population. If that number is non reached, the law can be outwardly rejected, shelved, or is requested to be righted (Powers and Procedures 2006, 1).The lower house, or the House of Representatives, on the other hand, is bestowed the power to create eyeshade which, in turn allow for turn into a law that the whole nation will follow, and eventually, benefit from. The House of Representatives meets to create bills and resolutions, discusses them, and passes them on to the Senate for throw out review and ratification (The Legislative Process 2006, 1).These atomic number 18 the basic functions of both the Houses. The functions of creating laws will be further discussed in this paper to show that these two assemblies are essential in both system of government to ensure checks and balances on government power.II. Making a LawA bill starts from an cerebration of a person. It wont matter if he is a part of the Congress, a social group or organization, or just a regular citizen. The humor then is brought to the House of Representatives so that they can hear out the pros and cons about it. A group especially designed to cater to the needs and the interest of that idea hears it. For example, if the idea is about education, the House Committee on Education and the Workforce handles it. The law starts from a single thought that is processed and formed into a bill (Donovan 2004, 6-11).All American law starts out this way as a bill. A bill is a document that proposes an entirely new law or an amendment to an existing one. The bill can be passed by any member of the Congress, even though the idea of fashioning a law comes from government departments or from political parties, as announced in the party platforms during election campaigns. A bill passed by a member of the House of Representative as communicate by the government is called the Government Bill. If an idiosyncratic mem ber of the Congress passes a bill, it is called a Private Members Bill (Brody 2001, 1-3).A bill is non a law yet it has to be approved first by both the Houses of the Congress, and should be affirmed by the incumbent President. The two Houses of Congress will be assessing the bill and has the power to add proposals to make the indispensable changes in it. These proposals are usually debated on speeches are crafted to pronounce a members stand towards the bill. The Congress will be voting towards the approval or the shelving of the bill. Usually, the bill has to be read thrice and has to go through all the necessary changes before it is successfully passed on each House of Congress (Holder 1997, 1-4).Here, we see the interaction of the two Houses of the Congress. A law can impact the nations economy, and so that the lawmakers themselves, either from the upper or lower house wont make a law that would benefit them individually or wholly. lifelike deliberation and scrutiny is perfor med on the every bill that was conceptualized and is passed in the hope that it will be implemented only to benefit the many (Brady & McCubbins 2002, 17).III. The Showcase of remnantThe innate need of one House of the Congress for the other shows that there is balance in the legislative branch of the government itself. One can non exist without the other. A bill will not become a law in the absence seizure of either the houses. There would be no law implemented and conceptualized by just one House alone. A single law has to go through the process as required by both the Houses of the Congress (Sajo 1999, 69).These laws, on the other hand, will not become valid without being finalized and approved by the executive branch of government, which is composed of the President and his Cabinet. The final say put away belongs to the Head of State. But he cannot influence the Congress as to what laws they should make or ratify. The executive branch can propose and lobby for a bill, yet it c annot fully instruct the Congress to just pass it in its favor. Even if the bill is proposed from the above, it still has to go through the same processes. No special intervention is given (Sajo 1999, 89).At this point, the balance between the two branches of the government, namely executive and legislative becomes evident. The President of the United States in his supreme power and capacity, cannot, in any way, influence the Congress to absolutely locomote for him. He cannot mandate what laws he wanted to be created and passed over to him for finalization. In essence, his office is equal to the legislative office. They work in parallel of each other, so that one cannot take advantage of one another (Sajo 1999, 99).Without the Congress doing its job, the President will have the freedom of making laws himself for whatever reasons he finds urgent. And laws have a big impact to a nation. One wrong law could mean economic distress. One selfish law could suppress freedom. One inappropr iate law could wreak havoc. Without the Congress, the President will have his absolute power. The U.S. democratic form of government is gone and a totalistic form of government will take its place. When that happens, the power shifts heavily to the executive branch of the government (Borrelli 2002, 18).Another branch of the government is the legal branch. Although the branch does not actively inscribe in the law-making process, it is directly involved in the implementation of such laws. Even if the legislative body makes the laws and the executive finalizes it, they do not participate in the process of making sure that the laws are fully observed and strictly followed by all members of the society. This is the job of the judiciary. The law applies to all, and that includes the lawmakers who created them and the President of the United States himself. Without the judicial branch of government doing its assigned task of maintaining harmony and peace within the nations constituents, the laws would become worthless (Berger et al 2001, 606).IV. The Law and the SocietyA harmonious society simply cannot exist unless the people who belong in it respect all the governing law implemented to a considerable degree. Laws have the power to settle certain issues in the society and the government. If all people respect the law enough, they would choose to reconcile their individual differences to the context of what is right and valid, as provided by the laws provisions.All laws should be respectable and sound enough to be appreciated by everyone. Law and morality should also come hand in hand otherwise, the people will have to choose either to lose their morality or their respect of the law. Laws are created so as to maintain justice in the society therefore law and justice should be one and the same in the minds of the people (Bastiat 2004, 22).Lawmakers should take it upon themselves to make and amend laws according to the interests of the general public and not for thei r own personal gains. Laws should help accelerate the resolution of current social conflicts and national dilemma. Every law in the land should represent their citizens accordingly. The law is so powerful it can make a society and that power is also enormous enough to destroy it in a rather big and convincing way (Lempert & Sanders 1986, 15-20).And this is the main responsibility bestowed upon the shoulders of the legislative branch of government. A balanced government cannot exist in the absence of the Congress. The power will swing indefinitely to either the judicial or the executive branch. And the result of that can prove to be perilous to the society (Lempert & Sanders 1986, 26-27).V. endingThe American law is intensely compiled, created, and enacted to serve a greater purpose in the society. The burden of enhancing the laws does not depend solely on the solons and lawmakers. We, as individual members of the society, have an immense duty to promote and participate in the creat ion of these laws as well. We have to be active members of the society and have to make a mark for our own good. We should all help the legislative branch to preserve the balance of power in the government and the society.Works CitedBastiat, Frederick. (2004). The Law. Montana Kessinger Publishing.Berger, Marsall J., Schatz Gerald S., Laufer Deborah S. (2001). Federal administrative Dispute Resolution Deskbook. Illinois American Bar Association.Borrelli, Maryanne. (2002). The Presidents Cabinet Gender, Power, and Representation. Colorado Lynne Rienner Publishers.Brady, David W & McCubbins, Matthew D. (2002). Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress New Perspectives on the History of Congress. California Stanford University Press.Brody, David C. (2001). Criminal Law. Maryland Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Donovan, Sandy. (2004). Making Laws A Look at How a Bill Becomes a Law. Minnesota Lerner Publications.Holder, Angela R. (1997). The Meaning of the Constitution. New York Bar rons Educational Series.Lader, Curt. (2002). Barrons How to Prepare for the Ap U.S. Government and Politics. New York Barrons Educational Series.Lempert, Richard & Sanders Joseph. (1986). An Invitation to Law and Social Science Deserts, Disputes and Distribution. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press.Powers & Procedures. (2006). United States Senate. Online Available at http//www.senate.gov/pagelayout/ storey/one_item_and_teasers/powers.htm.Sajo, Andras. (1999). Limiting Government An Introduction to Constitutionalism. New York Central European University Press.The Legislative Process. (2006). United State House of Represenatives. Online Available at http//www.house.gov/house/Tying_it_all.shtml.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror

The history of the Right of Habeas and the war on terror, it stated in the article The create from raw stuff of Structure by Anthony Gregory It has been celebrated for centuries in the Anglo-American tradition as a means of questioning government power. It is probably the most revered of all of the checks and balances in our legal historyas William Blackstone commented, the most celebrated writ in English law (Gregory, A. 2011, 2nd par. ). The Habeas corpus is to protect the individual from world immure wrongly and due to a fair trial.Although, questions arise regarding whether proper use of habeas corpus been brought into focus over the last ten courses. In this essay I go forth explore the history of Habeas principal and how it has evolved over the many years. I will try to briefly explain how the habeas corpus originated and the role the U. S. has and the trustworthy actions being taken with it. I will formulation into the Bush administration and the route the way they d ealt with habeas corpus during his administration. Lets look at the history of habeas corpus it stated in an article entitled Habeas Corpus The most extraordinary writ that the history of Habeas Corpus is ancient. Although the precise origin of Habeas Corpus is unsealed of its antiquity (Robertson, J. 2008). The primary effects were achieved during the middle ages by the use of a variety of writs, which gave a comparable effect as the modern writ and current policies. It in like manner stated that the practice surrounding the writ has evolved over metre (Robertson, J. 2008, para. 2). Since the earliest of quantify the Habeas Corpus was designed to bring forth any individual in custody be brought before the court of justice.While the Habeas Corpus was originally the privilege writ of a office and his courts, over the course of hundreds of years time has allowed it to evolve into a privilege for the person being detained, or a person or someone acting on his or her interest. Me anwhile Habeas Corpus was generally unknown by the diverse courtly law systems of Europe which were devolved from the Roman or Justinian law and the current war on terror. While the well-bred law systems of Europe favor authority from the top down, the Anglo-Saxon common law favors the individual.Although the Habeas Corpus is an attribute of common law, let it be understood that it is an all-important(a) one the right of Habeas Corpus reveals the challenge between the individual and state. Habeas Corpus empowers the individual in holding accountable the exercise of the states amazing power to restrain liberty (Robertson, J. 2008, para. 3). The original purpose behind the Habeas Corpus was to bring people to the court rather than out of imprisonment by the year 1230, this would become a well- known characteristic of English law.Which becomes known as the Great Writ the systematization into the English law would come by way of Parliament through Habeas Corpus act of 1641. This gen erated what is known today as the Darnells case, during the case five English noblemen were thrown into the dungeon for refusing to fight for their artlesss war with France and Spain. openhanded the fact that the men filed suit, King Charles I refused to give details as to why they were imprisoned, stating that the law did not require the King to provide any justification as to why they were being imprisoned, (Jackson, A. 010) The Kings conclusiveness generated a deafening outcry from the public, causing the Parliament to seek action without delay the following year.The Habeas rights were expanded by the Parliament several years later with the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, making it mandatory that charges to be brought within a unique(predicate) time period for anyone detained for criminal acts (Jackson, A. 2010). By the year 1765, the habeas corpus was securely rooted within the footing of English law, William Blackstone describes the Great Writ as a second magna carta, a fortifi cation of our liberties (Jackson, A. 010). The Habeas Corpus being a deep-seated English right has navigated the Atlantic Ocean when our founders integrated the doctrine of Habeas Corpus into the U. S. constitution. It also stated in the article that The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety whitethorn require it (Jackson, A. L. 2010). This is known as the Suspension Clause it is a provision that places the ability to suspend habeas corpus in the hands of the congress only in the event of anarchy or an invasion.It goes on to state that despite the clarity of the clause, the American debate on habeas corpus is just beginning. (Jackson, A. 2010). However, being the Habeas Corpus has a long history, being a common law of the land that throughout history the Habeas Corpus has only been authorized to be suspended four times in our history, 1. ) President Lincoln put forth an autarchic suspension dur ing the Civil fight, 2. ) post-Civil War Congress would authorize President Grant to suspend the Ku Klux Klan act. 3. ) 1902 when the rebellion in Philippines and 4. comes in 1941 after the attack on Pearl Harbor. (Jackson, A. L. 2010) It would seem that the Great Writ of habeas corpus was established to protect our civil liberties it ensures us that no one could be imprisoned without having a fair trial.From the late seventeenth century the English constitution was common law and protected the rights of the Englishmen and since 1903 it had been a perfect solution. After the Johnson v. Eisentrager, government officials relying on the courts decision deemed that holding oppositeness combatants outside the U. S. territory would inadmissibly keep individuals from filing, claims aimed at the habeas corpus review along with other affaires. In 2002 the United Stated started conveyance of the captured enemies to Camp X-Ray located at Guantanamo Bay, this causing the legal position of t he government were to be tested immediately as the adversary combatants started to arrive. February 2002, claim submissions of the writs of habeas corpus starting coming in from the prisoners of Guantanamo Bay Camp X-Ray.One question one would ask is how will the court respond to claims being filed by the prisoners? The answer to the question is that, answers would come as fast as the writs, they came with deviating answers. It states that during the Coalition of Clergy v. Bush, The U. S. Central division of the District of calcium would approximate the issue in lue of government expectations although they relied on the Johnson v. Eisentrager decision they deemed that the court would hold several U. S. itizens under the Coalition of Clergy, Lawyers, and Professors who had filed show cause petitions on behalf of enemy combatants held at Guantanamo Bay lacked standing to assert claims on behalf of the detainees the court would establish that, although a petitioner may have just cause , the simply lacked the jurisdiction to accommodate. Giving the fact that the Military Commission Act, it does not fully guarantee the full protection of American citizen constitutional rights for the Guantanamo prisoners.Although Congress tried due process for enemy combatants it would come under major scrutiny. It goes on to state in the article that The faint beat of the drum that once existed has now grown to a big pounding rhythm. The mash expressed the statutory right of foreign nationals detained at Guantanamo Bay to file habeas corpus claims in federal courts regardless of the geographic stance of their detention and that to suspend the Great Writ and ensure a proper level of protection is afforded to all enemy combatants (Jackson, A. L. 2010).Lets take a look into what has transpired since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, In 2006 Congress has passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force, this grants the President the power to use all necessitous and suitable twinge for all those who were engaged or involved or may have gave sanctuary to any enemy combatants (Pond, B. C. 2009). Lets take a look as to why and how the reasoning for the U. S. confinement policy deviates from the Bush administrations order of the comprehensive military order on November 13, 2001, this was intended to control over the Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism(Staab, J. B. 2008).Rumor has it they modeled this after President Roosevelts military order during World War II, However President Bushs order put limits on the use of military commissions any non-citizen for whom the president determines (1) is or was a member of al Qaeda, (2) has committed, aided or abetted, or conspired to commit terrorist acts, or (3) has knowingly harbored one or more of these individuals. (Jackson, A. L. 2010). In the final conflict with Boumethene v. Bush the supreme court ruled in favor of 5 to 4 that the detainees of Guantanamo Bay were indeed a llowed to exercise the writ and were granted use of the justice system. Supreme Court jurist Anthony Kennedy stated in the majority opinion The Constitution is created to survive, and to stay in forced in times of a threat to National security. The Supreme Court brings an end to one of the Nations injustices, in giving the prisoners of Guantanamo Bay the justice they are entitled to.This also gives us a lesson on how easygoing our constitution rights are in. The role of the President and Commander in chief is Article II of the Constitution states The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. Section 2 of Article II states that The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the reserves of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. (Levin, 2012) I believe the Role of President would be one of the hardest jobs.Being all the hard decisions he has to make. When deali ngs with Habeas Corpus and the role of commander-in-chief I wouldnt want to be in his shoes, because I wouldnt have a clue as to handle the circumstance of the war on terror and enemy combatants. Congresss role in habeas corpus as to when it can be suspended, this is a good thing in them having the right to override the Presidents decision for suspension, we need someone looking out to make sure he isnt making bad decision or poor judgement.The role of the Supreme Court seems to be the deciding vote to make sure everyone gets their day in court and the right to a fair trial. (Levin, 2010) So in conclusion, Although this has been the most difficult essay I have had to write, I believe the Habeas Corpus is an essential part of our constitution and civil liberties, because you know the ole saying innocent until proven guilty and everyone deserves their day in court and has the right to a fair trial.My thoughts on the war on terror, this is something I dont fully understand, my questio n is why we get involved in the problems of other countries why should we get involved if it doesnt affect us? Why send our soldiers to get killed over another countries problems? Who would have thought that our civil liberties could be so complicated. Why not keep them home and jumble some of the problems here at home.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Reflective Account Essay

On an occasion at work I was aw are of a staff member communicating very negatively, for example sighing and tutting and general negativity. Supervision was due so it was brought into clashing that last had concerned had noniced a modify in the persons general attitude, I asked if there was a specific reason and was told there was not. Although they agreed that they were being negative. We established the workload and it was decided it was not that. It was mentioned by the staff member that they were feeling a little unsure of how to deal with a serving exploiter who had dementia and was unpredict qualified and seemed to subscribe to interpreted a dislike to the staff member .We discussed at length the way forward and I coherent for some dressing in ch exclusivelyenging behaviour and dementia. The staff member realised she could not avoid the service user and that if she had mentioned her concerns sooner the problem would not have escalated. She tried to hide her feelings except they were shown in a different way.I agreed to mentor and support the staff member with the service user helping her to find an appropriate approach, the service user was feeding on the negative behaviour of the staff .In a few weeks the situation was improved undoubtedly and the staff member is more positive and no longer showing any sign of negativity. I recorded everything we had discussed and we both signed it. At the following supervision the staff had been on a training workshop and was awaiting further news of more. She mentioned anteriorly that she felt it was a weakness in her that is why she had tried to cover it up alone since our discussion and my on- spill support she would never hesitate to mention any concerns she had in the future.I felt that we needed to improve bodily function at the Centre the service users are a mixed group (physicall(a)y and mentally frail) so I needed to find something they could all do and enjoy. I signed myself onto three one day light courses with another staff member. The courses were all different scarcely aimed at dementia sufferers. The kickoff one Bringing stories to Life , I thought was going to be about putting to haveher a Life Story, I could not have been more wrong The ice-breaker at the beginning of the workshop was letter bingo, it entangled walking around so I have adapted this so that my service users are seated, we use sets of the 26 letters of the alphabet and the service user chooses a letter and then gives me a word beginning with that letter before answering a quiz question, which I write down and succession they are playing two alike trying to match up.I take the words and make up a little story or poem. The feedback from that activity has been very positive. Also from the workshop which involved using props to tell a story I have been able to do this activity several times? Using the props seems to help the quietest of the service user to join in and the feedback discussion afterwar ds have become very pleasurable to all. The second workshop was about using pictures (not personal) to story tell. Again this activity has been very successful, there was one or two people who were unsure but has we progressed they too joined in.The picture is given to the service user and they are asked open ended questions about it and everything is validated. Before we start we decide who is going to scriber and afterwards that person entrust firstly read back what as been said and ask if the service users would like to add anything? When everybody is satisfied the scriber will type the story up and each service user gets a copy , we keep a copy in a folder for all to look at and we also pin a copy too our notice board .The third workshop was along the same line but using senses to make a story/poem, again we have done this a couple of times. We used a bottle of water some dishonor in a bag, cotton wool, leaves and bubbles, we pass the items around the room one at a time and ask the service user to say the first word they thought of when looking / touching or smelling the item .one thing we came up against was that the service users said the same thing as the previous person, so we are trying to adapt this activity further.From all three workshops I and my staff member redeveloped our armchair exercise which we do daily. We had heard the service users discuss how they were bored with doing the same exercise week after week and listening to the same music disc. So we put together some more offbeat music and sat and compiled our version of seated exercise ,using the same safe exercise taking advice from one of our other services Ageing Well who had exhausted several weeks showing us seated exercise .Of course before we started any of the new activities we had a meeting with all the staff who were going to be involved. We discussed what we had learnt from each workshop and asked for feedback from the staff, some of them felt unsure about using the props and pictures, so me and the staff member who came with me agreed to lead the first one, we arranged a date and agreed on a theme for it and it was decided we would use props for the first one .I was to lead and the staff member was going to scribe. Before we started we went to each service user and asked them to sign a consent form to allow us to take photographs. This would allow another staff to get a little involved with out feeling to unsure .the discussion /feedback with the service users was great ,they were still talking about how much they had enjoyed themselves when they were going home.They were provoke when I told them that there would be photographs to look at the following week. I discussed with the staff the following day how they felt about the activity and was pleased they were all positive. I continued to share taking the lead with the staff member who attended the training with me for several sessions to enable the other staff to be able to learn from us. Althoug h with all the activities there is no right or wrong way. That is why we validate everything that is said. The change in the majority of service users is a joyousness to see, even the quietest person as become much more vocal and willing to join in with most of the activities we do.One person in grouchy who is hard of hearing and registered blind joins in, when in the past he as chosen not to. He still talks about certain themes we have done the story telling to, for example at Halloween we took the opportunity to do this theme, we used pumpkins and plastic spiders, I passed these things around the room and we used The Monster vanquish song to do some light movement to music before using props to make up a story relevant to the theme. I asked the service user to describe the spider, for example what he thought it was felt like and he got really into it and even had a photograph taken.Since then I have heard him telling others about the day we let him hold the Tarantula and how he danced to spooky music. Changing what we do and the way we do it as had a very positive effect all the way round. We still do the other activities for example Bingo, dominoes etc.During our action plan meeting we discuss which service users are in the centre that day and adapt our activity to suit, of course what we plan for the day may change if we ask the service users they may want to do another thing so if we can we will accommodate the majority. Usually the day is spent doing group work but if needed we do offer one to one.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Groupthink and Asian Cultures

Prabhjot Kaur Communication Theory Final Paper ASSUMPTIONS A high level of cohesiveness is usually present when meetingthink occurs, and there is a great vacillation on the part of assemblage members to stray from the groups position. They do not want to leave, be forced out, or be ignored by otherwise members. This unrivalledness associated with cohesiveness is typically a desirable condition except when the group relies too much on solidarity that the desirable ends atomic number 18 not focused on. They are likely to operate in the group in a manner that seeks the approval and even affection of the other group members.This is not the same as wanting to please the group leader with little or no concern for the opinion of the other group members. Cohesiveness is exclusively one of three conditions necessary for groupthink to exist. The second assumption relates to the process of problem solving in small groups marking it a usually unified process. When a group is given the tas k of making a decision they usually go in with the thought of reaching a unanimous decision and distort to get along. They are also susceptible to adapt to the cohesiveness of the group due to affiliative constraints.An affiliative constraint refers to members withholding their possess opinions in fear of being rejected by the group. (West & Turner, 243) This is vital to the outcome of groupthink because if the members with opposing get winds did not fear rejection and argued their views the decision making process would be elevate delayed and would affect the cohesiveness of the group. The three assumption is that groups and decision making are frequently thickening. There must be other alternatives available than just the one option the group is pickaxe and the members of the group must be aware of these options.If there are no other options then groupthink does not apply because there is no valid scuttlebutt being withheld by the members. Group members must know the who t he other members are and be able to understand the position of the other members. Many factors such as age, size of groups, intelligence of group members, gender composition, competitive nature of group members, and leadership styles that emerge in the group (West & Turner, 244), will affect on how group members behave and choose to repugn the groups decision.Group members who are similar in one or many of these areas to one another are more conducive to groupthink. Homogeneity can foster groupthink among members and discourage them to challenge the group. (West & Turner, 244) CONDITIONS THAT PROMOTE The first condition that promotes groupthink is presence of the cohesiveness we discussed earlier causes pressure for members to conform. The other two conditions are group structural factors and group stress. The structure of the group does affect the way the group will function when faced with a complex problem to solve.It is important for the group to have strong group insulation o r the ability to remain unaffected by outside influences (West & Turner, 246). Impartial leadership also can cause people to not have access to the full information available to help them make their decision. Leaders who have their own personal agenda prioritize that first before the well fare of the group. Final structural flaw that could lead to groupthink is the lack of decision-making procedures.If the procedures are not understandably established then the members have no structure to follow and reach a valid decision and can easily get lost in the influence of others to conform. Also, if there is no diversity in the backgrounds and experience present in the group then it may be very difficult for the group to be able to see all sides of the issue before making their final decision. PREVENT West and Turner outline four major shipway when discussing how to prevent groupthink.The first recommendation is to require oversight and control committee to enforce the procedures set for decision making and make them aware of their responsibility to challenge collectivism. The second recommendation is to embrace whistle blowing, so the members will report unethical or illegal practices. The third recommendation is to allow for objection because careful objectors who refuse to participate in the decision-making process due to violation of personal conscious need a safe environment for members to challenge the collective view without fearing rejection or other forms of negative reactions.The last recommendation is to balance consensus and majority rule. It is too much pressure to get a consensus instead it is better to pass water towards a majority decision. EXTENTION Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist that did a study on of cultures across modern nations. Geert Hofstede (2001) defines Power Distance to the extent to which the less omnipotent members of organizations and institutions (like the family) wear and expect that world power is distributed uneq ually. The U. S. s considered a low power place country, meaning within institutions and organizations here people relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. However in high power distance countries the less powerful accept power dealing that are higher in status. Hofstedes data from his study of over 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance score for culture. This score implies a high level of disagreement of power and wealth within society. This condition is a cultural norm for the India rather than a negative effect of groupthink.This presence of a high power distance helps facilitate groupthink. Sinha (2008) explains, The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. This tailored is carried over to personal emotional state as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions that the rest will follow. Geert Hofstede (2001), a Dut ch social psychologist, defines power distance as the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. A low power distance country such as the join States is where individuals relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions however, in high power distance countries like India, the less powerful accept power relations that are of higher status. Hofstedess cultural data research of 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance score, which implies a high level of contrariety of power and wealth within society.Sinha (2008) explains, The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. Rather than groupthink having a negative effect on group decision making, this is a cultural norm in India. This custom is carried over to personal life as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions for everyone. This presence of a high power distance facilitates groupthink in various aspects of Indian society.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Harvard Writing Style

depository program library Guide on Harvard Citing and Referencing Contents Introduction2 Choosing a extension style2 What is tintencing? 2 wherefore file name extension? 2 When to diagnoseence? (Plagiarism)3 In-text references4 lineament List5 Abbreviations5 deterrent examples6 powers6 Books8 Book8 Book chapter8 e-book from a database8 e-book from the Internet9 Encyclopaedia or dictionary9 Secondary mention9 No exit10 journal members10 journal hold10 e-journal oblige from a database10 In invite hold11 Magazine article no writer11 composition articles11 Newspaper article11Newspaper article from a database11 Internet sources12 Discussion list message12 Newsgroup message12 Blogs12 Website documents13 melt nones13 Course nones from RMIT University Library reserve13 Course notes from RMIT University Library e-reserve13 Course notes from Online RMIT14 Reports14 Government military issues14 parliamentary debates14 Australian thorax of Statistics15 Legislation and st atutory cases15 Legislation15 Legal cases15 Other sources16 Conference paper16 Thesis16 Patent16 CD-ROM16 Film, video, TV and radio program17Personal communication17 Bibliography17 Introduction The author-date system originated at Harvard University, and although they no recollectiveer produce a standard guide to referencing, a version of the author-date system is still comm but referred to as the Harvard style. Other author-date referencing styles include Chicago, APA and MLA. The Harvard personal manner of referencing is widely accepted in scholarly circles. Each reference is indicated in the text by the author and date of the publication cited, sometimes with added tuition such(prenominal) as rogue numbers.The full details of these references are listed at the end of the text in a fibre list. There are many opposite styles or ways of using the Harvard or author-date system. This document is meant only as a guide. It is important that you check with your School as to what th ey require for referencing. You may be penalised for not conforming to your Schools requirements. Further details and examples may be found in the course manual of arms for authors, editors and printers (2002). Electronic resources are not adequately addressed in theStyle manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) and so the principles of author-date citing let been applied in developing those examples. The information and examples are derived from the following source Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Australia. Choosing a reference style The style (i. e. order in which the details of a reference are cited) may vary depending on the requirements of your department, lecturer or supervisor. Some Schools produce their own guidelines for citing references.Check with your School whether they pose a preferred Referencing Style. The Library also has a Style Manuals scallywag (http//www. rmit. edu. au/library/reference/manuals) that p rovides links to websites on various referencing styles. What is referencing? Referencing an information source used in an academic scarper means to employ a similar method of acknowledging that source. The full details of the source essential be given. All information used in your assignment, thesis, etc. , whether published, or unpublished, essential be referenced. Why reference? When writing a piece of academic diddle (ie. essay, thesis, etc. you are required to acknowledge the sources of information that you have used Oto prove that your work has a substantial, factual basis Oto show the research youve done to reach your conclusions Oto allow your readers to identify and retrieve the references for their own use Information obtained from the Internet is cover by copyright law. For this reason it is important to cite Internet references just as you would cite print references. more than style guide producers have broad the system used for print resources and applied this to electronic resources. A date of access is actually useful as Internet resources change rapidly.When to reference? (Plagiarism) You essential reference all sources used in a particular work whether you are Odirectly copying the wrangling of another author (quoting), or Oputting their ideas into your own quarrel (paraphrasing) If you do not acknowledge these sources, then you are plagiarising their work. Plagiarism is defined as the taking, using, and passing off as your own, the ideas or words of another. It is a very practiced academic offence, and may result in your work being failed automatically. There is more information on this subject in Copyright, plagiarism and light use-0 (http//www. rmit. edu. u/library/info-trek/copyright). RMIT University definition of plagiarism RMIT has an assessment charter, which elaborates key responsibilities common to all staff and students in relation to assessment and defines the Universitys policy on plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined ( RMIT 2003a) as stealing somebodys intellectual property (IP) by presenting their work, thoughts or ideas as though they are your own. It is cheating. It is a serious academic offence and can lead to expulsion from RMIT. Plagiarism can take many forms written, graphic and visual forms, and includes use of electronic data and square used in oral presentations.Plagiarism may even occur unintentionally, such as when the origin of the material used is not properly cited. What constitutes plagiarism? downstairs the charter, you may be accused of plagiarism if you do any of the following OCopy sentences or paragraphs word-for-word from any source, whether published or unpublished (including, but not limited to books, journals, reports, theses, websites, conference papers, course notes, etc. ) without proper credit rating. OClosely paraphrase sentences, paragraphs, ideas or themes without proper citation. OPiece together text from one or more sources and add only linking sentences witho ut proper citation.OCopy or submit safe and sound or parts of computer files without acknowledging their source. OCopy designs or whole kit of art and submit them as your skipper work. OCopy a whole or any part of another students work. OSubmit work as your own that someone else has done for you. Enabling Plagiarism is the act of assisting or allowing another person to plagiarise your own work (RMIT 2003a). It is also a serious academic offence. More detail on what constitutes plagiarism is found in the January 2003 Policy Plagiarism (http//mams. rmit. edu. au/1oavdg0bdd1. pdf). What is the penalty for plagiarism? Plagiarism is not permitted in RMIT University.Any use of another persons work or ideas must be acknowledged. If you fail to do this, you may be charged with academic misconduct and face a penalty under RMIT Regulations 6. 1. 1 Student slump (http//mams. rmit. edu. au/j4lb68xx36oj1. pdf. ) Penalties for plagiarism (RMIT 2003c) include Orecording of a failure for the a ssignment or course Ocancellation of any or all results Osuspension from the program Oexpulsion from the program Acknowledgement The information in this section on Plagiarism has been supplied from the Written reports and essays guidelines for referencing and presentation (RMIT Business 2003, p. 5).In-text references In the text of your essay or thesis you should identify your source by giving, in parentheses, the authors name and year of publication of the work to which reference has been made. From the textual reference, the reader can turn to the alphabetical list of references for full publication details. scalawag numbers are essential if directly quoting from a work, use single quotation marks and relevant page number. If a work being referred to is long then page numbers may be useful to the reader. For example Larsen (1971) was the first to propound the theory. OR The theory was first propounded in 1970 (Larsen 1971).For example Larsen (1971, p. 245) notable many of the fa cts in this case are incorrect. OR Many of the facts in this case are incorrect (Larsen 1971, p. 245). For example Larsen (1971, p. 245) questions certain aspects of this case. OR Many aspects of this case have been questioned (Larsen 1971, p. 245). If citing multiple works at one point in the text it is recommended that the authors names be ordered alphabetically inside the parentheses, with a semicolon to separate them. For example Other studies of globalization focus on its cultural and human implications (Bauman 1998 Tomlinson 1999). character ListAt the end of your work you should include a list of every last(predicate) the references you have cited in your text. In the Harvard Style sources that are not cited in the text but are relevant to the subject may be listed individually as a bibliography. The same method of presentation is used for both a list of references and a bibliography. The Reference List is arranged alphabetically by author, and thereafter chronologically, starting with the earliest date. For example Jones, AB 2000, Jones, B 1995, Smith, AK 1990, Smith, AK 1995, Stein, B 2003 Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 1995, Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 2000, Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, Yarbro, CH, Frogge, MH, Goodman, M & Groenwald, SL 2000, Young, JC 1988a, Young, JC 1988b, The format of the citation depends on the nature of the work, ie. whether it is a book, journal article, website, etc. In general the order of elements contained within each reference should include author date title of work title of larger work (if any) publishing details date of access (if electronic). Apart from the author and date, each element is separated from the others with a comma and the citation finishes with a full stop.Abbreviations Acceptable abbreviations in the reference list for parts of books and other publications include app. c. ch. ed. (eds. )edn. et al. n. d. n. p. no. p. , pp. para. pt. rev. suppl. vol. vols. appendixcircacha pter editor (Editors)edition and othersno dateno bumnumberpage/sparagraphpartrevised supplementvolume (as in Vol. 4) volumes (as in 4 volumes) Examples Authors some(prenominal) type of work you are referencing, the way you list the authors names depends on the number of authors. In-text citationReference list One author(Jones 1995) or Jones (1995) statesJones, B 1995, Sleepers, wake technology and the future of work, 4th edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Two or three authorsWhere there is more than one author, the in-text citation in parentheses will use an ampersand (&) to roast them, whilst if the reference is part of the sentence you use the word and . (Stein & Reynolds 2000) or Stein and Reynolds (2000) argue.. Stein, B & Reynolds, JS 2000, Mechanical and electrical equipment for buildings, 9th edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Four or more authorsIf there are four or more authors only include the first author in your in-text citation, adding the words et al. mean ing and others. However the Reference List should include all authors. (Yarbro et al. 2000) or Yarbro et al. (2000) have foundYarbro, CH, Frogge, MH, Goodman, M & Groenwald, SL 2000, Cancer nursing, 5th edn, Jones and Bartlett, Boston. Multiple works at one point in the textAuthors names should be ordered alphabetically inside the parentheses, with a semicolon to separate them. (Bauman 1998 Tomlinson 1999)Bauman, Z 1998, Globalization and culture, Polity Press, Oxford. Tomlinson, J 1999, Globalization the human consequences, Routledge, London. Several works by same first author and yearSingle author entries precede references with multiple authors beginning with the same name. A 2-em rule can be used to flip the authors name(s) that are repeated. (Heyland 2001) or Heyland (2001) reports.. (Heyland & Novak 2001) or Heyland and Novak (2001) reports.. Heyland, DK 2001, In search of the magic nutraceutical problems with current approaches, Journal of nutrition, vol. 131, no. 9, p. 25 91S. & Novak, F 2001, Immunonutrition in the critically ill patient more harm than good? , JPEN Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, vol. 5, no. 2, p. S51. Several works by same author and yearIf you are referring to several works by the same author or group of authors from the same year, designate these a, b, c, . with the order of the listing based on the letter-by-letter alphabetical order of the title of the work. ( hall porter 2001a) (Porter 2001b) or Porter (2001a) states. or according to Porter (2001b) Porter, ME 2001a, Japan what went wrong, Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition, vol. 237, no. 56, p. A22. - 2001b, Strategy and the Internet, Harvard Business Review, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 62. No author givenWhere an relic has no named author it is cited by its title. Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) orAccording to the Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons , Australia. Editor/sUse the abbreviation ed. for editor or eds. for multiple editors. (eds. Muller, Cloete & Badat 2001)oredited by Muller, Cloete and Badat (2001)Muller, J, Cloete, N & Badat, S (eds. ) 2001, Challenges of globalisation South African debates with Manuel Castells, Maskew Miller Longman, Pinelands, Cape Town. Books Book Format Authors surname, Initials division, deed of conveyance of book, Edition, Publisher, plant of publication. Example Jones, B 1995, Sleepers, wake technology and the future of work, 4th edn, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Book chapter Format Authors surname, Initials Year, Title of chapter, in Author of book (if different), Title of book, Edition, Publisher, topographic point of publication, Page number(s). Examples Crawford, RJ 1998, Plastics available to the designer, in Plastics engineering, 3rd edn, Heinemann-Butterworth, Oxford, pp. 6-18. orChristians, CG 2000, Ethics and politics in qualitative research, in Denzin NK & Lincoln YS Handbook of qualitative research, 2nd edn, gee Oaks, CA, Sage, pp. 133-154. e-book from a database Note Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) does not distinguish amidst printed sources and those sourced electronically. The following is a suggested procedure for referencing e-books. If an e-book is retrieved electronically from a library database in page image format, eg. in an Acrobat (PDF) file, cite it the same as the original printed book.Where resource formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format. If an e-book is retrieved from a library database where it has been reformatted, eg. as hypertext mark-up language or plain text, or from a website, you should cite the source you have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc. may have been removed. Where the source is a library database give the database name, or if it is from the internet give the URL. Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of book, Edition, Publishe r, Place of publication, viewed daylight calendar month year, database name.Example Kung, SY, Mak, MW & Lin, SH 2004, Biometric authentication a appliance learning approach, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. , viewed 5 August 2005, Safari Tech Books Online. e-book from the Internet Note Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) does not distinguish between printed sources and those sourced electronically. The following is a suggested procedure for referencing e-books. If an e-book is retrieved electronically from a library database in page image format, eg. in an Acrobat (PDF) file, cite it the same as the original printed book.Where alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format. If an e-book is retrieved from a library database where it has been reformatted, eg. as HTML or plain text, or from a website, you should cite the source you have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc. may have been removed. Where the source is a li brary database give the database name, or if it is from the internet give the URL. Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of chapter, in Author of book (if different), Title of book, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, viewed day month year, .Example Chen, C & Farruggia, S 2002, Culture and adolescent development, in Lonner, WJ, Dinnel, DL, Hayes, SA & Sattler, DN (eds. ), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 11, Chapter 2, Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA, viewed 15 family line 2005, . Encyclopaedia or dictionary Encyclopaedias and dictionaries should be cited in the in-text reference only, NOT in the Reference List. Examples (Literacy in America an encyclopedia 2001, p. 25) states The Macquarie dictionary (1997) defines it as Secondary citationWhile primary sources are essential, sometimes the source you wish to refer to may be unavailable and you must refer to someone elses citatio n of that source. This is a secondary source and in this case you must include both names in the in-text reference. The Reference List example would include only the source you have seen. In-text citation example MacDonald (1993, cited in Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill 2003, p. 48) states or (MacDonald 1993, cited in Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill 2003, p. 48) Reference List example Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2003, Research methods for business students, 3rd edn, Pearson Educational, Essex, p. 8. No date Works that do not have a publication date may be cited using the expression n. d. (no date). In-text citation example (Brown n. d. ) or Brown (n. d. ) Reference List example Brown, S n. d. B. B. Bernard, Sunshine Press, London. Journal articles Note Capitalise the first letter of the first word, and each of the major words of the journal name. Do not use capital letters for words such as on, for, in, and example The Australian Journal of Language and Literacy Journal article Fo rmat Author(s) of article surname and initials Year of publication, Title of article, Journal name, volume number, issue number, page number(s).Example Zivkovic, B & Fujii, I 2001, An analysis of isothermal phase change of phase change material within rectangular and cylindrical containers, Solar Energy, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 51-61. e-journal article from a database Note Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) does not distinguish between journal articles from printed sources and articles sourced electronically. The following is a suggested procedure for referencing electronic journal articles. If a journal article is retrieved electronically from a library database in page image format, eg. as an Acrobat (PDF) file, cite it the same as the original printed article.Where alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format. If a journal article is retrieved from a library database where it has been reformatted, eg. as HTML or plain text, or f rom a website, you should cite the source you have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc may have been removed. Where the source is a library database give the database name, not the URL. Format Author(s) of article surname and initials Year of publication, Title of article, Journal name, volume number, issue number, page number(s), viewed day month year, database name. ExampleEasthope, G 2004, Consuming health the merchandise for complementary and alternative medicine, Australian Journal of Primary Health, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 68-75, viewed 30 March 2005, Australian Public Affairs Full Text. In press article Format Author(s) of article surname and initials in press, Title of article, Journal name, viewed day month year, database name (if applicable). Example Mundermann, A, Wakeling, JM, Nigg, BM, Humble, RN & Stefanyshyn, DJ in press, foundation garment orthoses affect frequency components of muscle activity in the lower extremity , Gait and posture, viewed 15 September 200 5, ScienceDirect.Magazine article no author Note if the snip article does NOT have an author then provide details as an in-text citation only, NOT in the Reference List. For example Electronics Weekly (11 July 2007, p. 4) states Newspaper articles Note Capitalise the first letter of the first word, and each of the major words of the newspaper name. Note if the newspaper article does NOT have an author then provide details as an in-text citation only, NOT in the Reference List. For example The Australian (10 July 2002, p. 1) states Newspaper article FormatAuthors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of article, Newspaper name, day month, page number(s). Example Tobler, K & Kerin, J 2002, Hormone alert for cancer, The Australian, 10 July, p. 1. Newspaper article from a database Note Style manual for authors, editors and printers (2002) does not distinguish between articles from printed sources and articles sourced electronically. The following is a suggested procedure for re ferencing electronic newspaper articles. If a newspaper article is retrieved electronically from a library database in page image format, eg. s an Acrobat (PDF) file, cite it the same as the original printed article. Where alternative formats are available, it is recommended to choose page image format. If a newspaper article is retrieved from a library database where it has been reformatted, eg. as HTML or plain text, or from a website, you should cite the source you have used, as images, charts, page numbers, etc may have been removed. Where the source is a library database give the database name, not the URL. Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of article, Newspaper name, day month, page number(s), viewed day month year, name of database.Example Timmins, N 2005, Delay raises doubt in public sector, Financial Times, 20 July, viewed 21 July 2005, Factiva. Internet sources Discussion list message Format Author Year of posting, Title of posting, description of posting, date and month of posting, name of list owner, viewed day month year, . Example Shively, E 1997, CA pre-1967 information, list server, 1 July, Chemical Information Sources Discussion List, viewed 3 July 2003, . Newsgroup message Format Author Year of posting, Title of posting, description of posting, date and month of posting, name of newsgroup owner, viewed day month year, .Example Milinkovich, M 2005, Oracle PL/SQL in Eclipse, newsgroup, 12 July, News. Eclipse. engineering science, 15 September 2005, , Blogs Format Author Year of posting, Title of posting, description of posting, date and month of posting, name of list owner, viewed day month year, . Example Steffen, A 2005, madam flu can we out-collaborate a pandemic? blog, 15 August, World Changing another world is here, viewed 15 September 2005, . Website documents Many electronic sources do not provide page numbers, unless they are in PDF format.If quoting or paraphrasing from a website, that is NOT a PDF, then us e as part of the in-text reference either a section heading, (eg. Stone 2004, Usage and prognosis section) a paragraph number (eg. Stone 2004, para. 11) Format Author/editor. Year of document, Title of document, name of the sponsor of the source, date of viewing, . Reference list example Stone, A 2004, Headaches due to Wind Cold, Al Stone Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines, viewed 10 September 2006, http//beyondwellbeing. com/headaches/wind-cold. shtml . In-text citation exampleIt is stated that this formula is about 85% targeting the symptoms of headache and stuffy nose, while only 15% directly addresses the cold or allergies (Stone 2004, Usage and prognosis section) or It is stated that this formula is about 85% targeting the symptoms of headache and stuffy nose, while only 15% directly addresses the cold or allergies (Stone 2004, para. 11) Course notes Course notes from RMIT University Library reserve Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of work, course notes from (number), Publisher, Place of publication, viewed day month year, RMIT University Library.Example Dixon, C 2002, Mechanical design 2 project resource material, course notes fromMIET1068, RMIT University, Melbourne, viewed 22 July 2005, RMIT University Library. Course notes from RMIT University Library e-reserve Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of work, course notes from (number), Publisher, Place of publication, viewed day month year, RMIT University Library . Example Holland, J 2004, Lecture notes 3 bulldozers and land clearing, course notes from CIVE1057, RMIT University, Melbourne, viewed 22 July 2005, RMIT University Library 1. Course notes from Online RMIT FormatAuthors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of work, course notes from (number), Publisher, Place of publication, viewed day month year, emailprotected Example Smith, H 2005, Metadata, course notes from ISYS6655, RMIT University, Melbourne, viewed 8 July 20 05, emailprotected Reports Government publications These may include departmental reports, reports of commissions of inquiry, committees of review and committees of parliament. Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of report, Report serial publication code and number, Sponsoring body or body issuing report series, Publisher, Place of publication.Examples Kogan, P, Moses, I & El-Khawas, EH 1994, Staffing higher program line meeting new challenges report of the IMHE project on policies for academic staffing in higher education, Higher education policy series, no. 27, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London. OR Australia, Parliament 1976, plane section of Foreign Affairs annual report 1975, Parl. Paper 142, Canberra. Many government publications are available on the Internet. The following document appeared as a Parliamentary paper, but is also available from the relevant authoritys website. The way you access a document may affect your citation. ExamplesAustralia , Parliament 2003, Fraud control arrangements in the Australian Customs Service, Parl. Paper 32, Canberra. AND Australian National Audit Office 2003, Fraud control arrangements in the Australian Customs Service, viewed August 4 2003, . Parliamentary debates For parliamentary debates and the official records of what has been said in parliament. Example Australia, Senate 2000, Debates, Vol S25, p. 65. Australian Bureau of Statistics Format Authors name, Year of publication, Title of report, cat. no. , Publisher, Place of publication. Example Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005, Australian social trends 2005, cat. o. 4102. 0, ABS, Canberra. OR Format Authors name, Year of publication, Title of report, cat. no. , Publisher, Place of publication, viewed day month year, database name. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2004, Mental Health In Australia A Snapshot, cat. no. 4824. 0. 55. 001, ABS, Canberra, viewed 18 August 2005, AusStats. Legislation and Legal cases Legislation When referring to Commonwealth Acts, Ordinances and Regulations, the title must be reproduced exactly, without changing the capitalisation or spelling. The words Act and Bill are generally written with a capital letter.An Act or Ordinance may be cited by the short title, which is usually drafted into modern legislation. The first reference must always include the short title in italics. Subsequent references may refer to it by an undated, descriptive title in Roman type. Legislation is usually numbered as well as dated. The number follows the date. For Australian State legislation, the State must be included in roman type. Acts of Parliaments of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and the United States, use roman type. Bills currently before Parliament are presented in roman type, not italics. ExamplesInterstate Road Transport Act 1985 (Cwlth) Interstate Road Transport Act Air Navigation Act 1920 (No. 50) (Cwlth) Firearms Act 1936 (NSW) Badgers Act 1974 (UK) Legal cases To fully cite legal authorities list name of case (date) or volume number, or both abbreviated name of report series and beginning page. Example Greutner v. Everard (1960) 103 CLR 177 Other sources Conference paper Format Authors surname, Initials Year of publication, Title of paper, in Editor (if applicable), Title of published operation which may include place held and date(s), Publisher, Place of publication, page number(s).Example Kovacs, GL 1994, Simulation-scheduling system using hybrid software technology, in Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology Proceedings of the 4th International conference, Troy, New York, October 10-12, 1994, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, pp. 351-356. Thesis Format Authors surname, Initials Year of preparation of thesis, Title of thesis, Award, organization under whose auspices the study was taken. Example Garland, CP 1986, Structure and removal of non-cellulosic components of eucalypt woods, MApplSci thesis, Royal Melbourne name of Technology.Patent Format Name(s) of inventor. Name(s) of assignees, Patent title, Patent number appointee of patent (including day and month). Example Wilmott, JM & Znaiden, AP Avon Products Inc. , Cosmetic preparation incorporating stabilized ascorbic acid, U. S. patent 4,983,382 Jan. 8 1991. CD-ROM Format Author/editors name, Initials Year, Title, Edition, CD-ROM, Publisher, Place of publication. Example Young, B & Heath, J 2000, Wheaters functional histology a text and colour atlas, 4th edn, CD-ROM, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Film, video, TV and radio program FormatTitle of program Date of recording, format, publisher, place of recording, date viewed. Example What are we going to do with the money? 1997, television program, SBS Television, Sydney, 8 August. Or Swiss ball exercises for performance and function 1999, video recording, galaxy Leisure Corporation, 3 February. Note the in-text reference would be to the title of the program, also in italics. Personal communication Information gained through personal communication, either face-to-face interview or conversation, telephone call, facsimile, letter, email, etc. should be provided as an in-text citation.Details of personal communications do not need to be included in the Reference List. The information, including day, month and year, is provided in the text, or parenthically. Details of the organisation that the person represents may also be included. Note that initials precede the family name. Examples When interviewed on 24 April 1999, Ms S Savieri confirmed.. Ms S Savieri confirmed this by facsimile on 24 April 1999. It has been confirmed that an outbreak occurred in Shepparton (S Savieri 1999, pers. comm. , 24 April). Ms S Savieri (Australian Institute of Criminology) confirmed this by email on 24 April 1999.It has been confirmed that an outbreak occurred in Shepparton (S Savieri Australian Institute of Criminology 1999, pers. comm. , 24 April). Bibliography RMIT Business 2003, Written reports and essays guidelines for referencing and presentation in RMIT Business, RMIT University, Melbourne. Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2002, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons, Australia. -0 http//www. rmit. edu. au/browseID=obcz6j8do3ll -1 http//auth. lib. rmit. edu. au/cat. php? http//eresources. lib. rmit. edu. au/ereserve/notes02/cive1057/31259006935782. pdf

Monday, May 20, 2019

Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Travelling

When we are on pass or intend to travel abroad as a tourist, we should firstly choose the means of traveling. In my view, traveling by song is both advantages as well as disadvantages. Advantages of traveling by air plane. The biggest advantage of flying is that it is often the fastest way to get from one place to a nonher, especially when dogged distances are involved. It helps us save a lot of time, so we can do more things. Secondly, I think the comfort of air traveling makes people satisfactory.When traveling by air, we can sit considerably in an arm- chair, reading magazines or watching a free film on television. The process of fashioning arrangements to fly can be quite convenient. A plane ticket can be purchased by telephone or on the Internet. We dons harbour to cope with crowed at air way as other stations for buying tickets. Disadvantages of traveling by air plane. Apart from these advantages, however, traveling by air has its disadvantages, too. First of all, Flying is often the most expensive form of transportation, especially if reservations are not made well in advance.Some people might not be able to hand to fly on the budget airline. Then air travels have the reputation of being dangerous and fifty-fifty hardened travelers are intimidated by them. There are plane crashes in which the crew and passengers have died to a man. Finally, traveling by air, we cant stop wherever we want to enjoy scenic landscapes on our way as we do in a trip by car or boat. Sceneries seen from plane are merely vague sights. Topic 40 Forest preservation

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Dental Amalgam and the Risks Essay

What is dental amalgam?Amalgam is a combination of metals that has been use in dentistry for more than 100 years. It is still commonly utilize today. Although it sometimes is called silver amalgam, amalgam actually consists of a combination of metals. These include silver, mercury, tin and copper. Small amounts of zinc, indium or palladium besides may be used.How safe is amalgam?Many studies on the rubber eraser of amalgam fillings fuck off been done. In 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated this research. It found no reason to limit the use of amalgam. The FDA concluded that amalgam fillings be safe for adults and children ages 6 and above. wherefore is mercury used in amalgam?Mercury is used in amalgam because it helps make the filling material pliable. When it is mixed with an alloy powder, it creates a compound that is cottony enough to mix and press into the tooth. But it also hardens quickly and prat withstand the forces of biting and chewing.Why the concern about mercury in amalgam?Everyone is candid to mercury through air, drinking water, territorial dominion and food. Concerns deplete been raised, for instance, about the amount of mercury building up in fish as a result of pollution. Mercury enters the air from industries that burn mercury-containing fuels. Mercury from all sources can build up in body organs. As with most substances, the degree of harm caused by mercury in the body is think to the amount. Very low levels dont cause any ill effects. At higher levels for instance, when workers are exposed to mercury through their jobs mercury can cause several symptoms. These include anxiety, irritability, memory loss, headaches and fatigue. Studies have shown that the amount of mercury you are exposed to from your fillings is less than the amount that most people are exposed to in their daily environment or in the food they eat. Do some people have reactions to amalgam?In rare cases, people have allergic reactions to the mercury in amalgam. The American alveolar Association says that fewer than 100 cases of this type of allergy have ever been reported. People allergic to amalgam can receive new(prenominal) filling materials.Should pregnant women be concerned about amalgam feelings? look has not shown any health effects from amalgam fillings in pregnant women. However, mercury can sweep up the placenta. In general, dentists advise pregnant women to avoid unnecessary dental care. Women should not get amalgam fillings during pregnancy. Dentists can suggest other(a) materials for any pregnant woman who needs a cavity filled. If amalgam is safe, why does my dentist take precautions when handling it?Because dentists work with mercury almost every day, they must take safety precautions. Without protection, dentists can inhale mercury vapors. Over time, this exposure can produce symptoms of mercury toxicity.How is dental amalgam made?To make dental amalgam, dentists mix liquid mercury with a powd er containing silver, tin and other metals. Dentists buy fussy condensings that contain the powder and the liquid mercury, separated by a membrane. They use special machinery to puncture the membrane and mix the amalgam while it is still in the capsule. Once mixing is complete, the capsule is opened. By the time the amalgam is placed in your tooth, the mercury has formed a compound with the other metals. It is no longer toxic.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Bad law Essay

Bad law BY erik2408 Bad Law/Lawyers introduction Law is a term which does non take a shit a universally accepted definition, but 1 definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. What is poorly law you may ask? Bad law ties in with quite a a couple of(prenominal) things, as a matter of fact its a very big subject but I would like to break it down to Just a few certain topics. The topics that I would like to talk over are what is and makes a questioning attorney in universal, the morality of close to lawyers.You could be a bully lawyer but if you have horrible morals by my definition I would have to abel you as a bad lawyer. But my most important topic is on lawyers and ambulance chasing which is frowned upon. T here(predicate) are deuce great word pictures that explain both of these topics. One of the images is My cousin Vinny which shows you an instance of an overall bad lawyer. The other mov ie is a bit more popular The Verdict which portrays a morally bad lawyer that is an ambulance chaser. word Lets propose started The first thing Id like to discuss is a bad lawyer Just in general.I dont accredit if a haul of people seen the movie My Cousin Vinny but that movie is a great example of a bad lawyer. For the people that are unfamiliar with it let me tell you a little bit just ab fall out it. The movie starts off by two boys driving across the country and get arrested and trailed for murder, for the killing of the clerk at a gas station they had Just been into. The two boys were innocent and but there were witnesses saying they sawing machine them. They were broke and in big trouble. So one of the boys called his uncle Vinny who was a lawyer.This was Vinnies first case always as a lawyer and was completely clueless. Vinny did not know the rules and regulations on how to behave in a courtroom to say the least. Somehow he convinced the kids to let him represent them. V inny was learning as we went along, and with the economic help of his girlfriend he actually won the case. But if I was creation trailed for murder I for certain(p) know I would not want him representing me. If you are in need of a lawyer heres some tips you may need to know to avoid the bad ones. For one dont go for a general practitioner when you need a specialist.Two, do some legwork to understand a peachy attorney. Three, dont sign up unless youre completely comfortable with the fee concord and relationship. Four, understand what an attorney is doing for you. Last but not least be wary of the slam plunge claim. Any lawyer who says you got a slam dunk case is not a very right lawyer (Collins). Hopefully that in prepareation evanesces you a better understanding ofa bad lawyer. Now to talk about my main issue, which are lawyers with bad morals. What do I consider a morally bad lawyer? An attorney that is an ambulance chaser would be considered a morally bad lawyer in my eye s.An ambulance chasing is a form of barratry, refers to a lawyer using an event as a lawyers that follow ambulances to the emergency room to find clients. Ambulance chasing is prohibited in the US. Such conduct violates Rule 7. 3 of the American Bar Association type Rules of Professional Conduct. Some bar associations strongly enforce rules against barratry. For example, the State Bar of California dispatches investigators to large-scale incident scenes to discourage ambulance chasers, and to catch whatever who attempt to solicit business from disaster victims at the scene.Ambulance chasing is also vile in Australia, in accordance with clauses 20 and 22 of the Legal Profession Regulation of 1987 (Wikipedia). Lawyers arent mantic to solicit their clients directly, at least in theory (Toothman). But of course that would be in a perfect world, but as right now the reality is that there are always some lawyers cutting deals with ambulance drivers, nurses, and funeral homes so on an d so forth just to get tips on finding victims that readiness have a profound case (Toothman).When theres a big event, like an flare-up or a train wreck or even a bus crash, how do the stochastic victims find their way to the thirsty(p) lawyers? In the good old days, plaintiff lawyers chartered planes to fly to Bhopal, India, for example (Toothman). In Toothmans article he writes about Lawyers fake press release to sign up clients. What these lawyers did was send out a bizarre press release, announcing that, without even having a single client so far, they are investigating or looking into the disaster du Jour, which they have ripped from the headlines (Toothman).Du Jour is a magazine by the way. That wasnt intended to get a local paper to run a story about that, the object was to reach out to any victims or their families who might be looking around for hope, or a lawyer, will stumble upon these press releases using Google or yahoo and rush to sign up with the hungry lawyer (Toothman). In other recent rticles about ambulance chasing an attorney in Texas was arrested for doing this. The event took place in May of 2012 only a year and half ago. Ronald Reynolds was a state representative and former municipal Judge.He was arrested for barratry which is a fancier term for ambulance chasing. Texas, its not Just prohibited by legal ethics rules its also flat out illegal (Rabiner). This was such a widespread occupation at the Harris County Courthouse near Houston, officials recently erected signs warning attorneys that barratry is a crime (Rabiner). The legislator was caught soliciting otential clients soon afterward they had been in railroad car accidents. It was also reported that he founds some clients with the help of a local chiropractor. This is something you would not expect from a state representative.Its very sketchy and illegal in the state of Texas which I did not know until reading this article. In Texas, attorneys arent permitted to send unsolic ited offers of representation until 31 days after the underlying incident. Or when they know the individual already has legal representation (Rabiner). In addition to breaking these rules, the District lawyer has also accused Rep. Reynolds of tricking an undercover investigator he never met into signing an attorney-client agreement that gave him part of any colony. Any settlement included insurance monies (Rabiner). What I found to be humorous in the article was the Rep.Ronald Reynolds even voted for the barratry law back in 2011. You would think someone who votes for a certain law would not be dumb enough to break that very law. Especially someone with a stature of being a state representative. I was appalled and in shock after reading this how can soul be I was unaware that ambulance chasing was so common, I ran into another article here a lawyer was accused of offering kickbacks to two local insurance agents for referring accident cases to him, challenging the legality of the s tate statute that makes such practices a crime (Smith).Scott Jeffrey Jontiff, 33, of Miami, was charged with two counts of unlawful solicitation by an attorney after insurance agents he contacted turned him in to the Florida Division of Insurance Fraud in West treat Beach (Smith). It was stated in the police report that there was a recorded and videotaped conversation where Jontiff offered to give the insurance agents $100 for ach personal injury case referred to him or $1 50 if the agents waited until the insurance companies paying(a) up (Smith). The charges that Scott Jeffery faced were 3rd degree felony which is punishable by 5 years in prison and 5000 dollar fine.What I dont understand is why put yourself in such endangerment by committing such a crime to me it seems stupid. Youre eventually going to get caught sooner or later. To get a better understanding on ambulance chasing and actually have a visual aid I strongly recommend watching the movie The Verdict. The Verdict c ame out in 1982 its an ld movie but very popular back in the day and still is, and yes its in color. The movie portrays a lawyer who is down-on-his luck, reduced to drinking and ambulance chasing.The down on his luck lawyer is forthright Galvin. Former associate Mickey Morrissey reminds him of his obligations in a medical malpractice suit that he himself served to Galvin on a silver platter (The Verdict). All parties were willing to settle out of court, until Frank suddenly realized that mayhap after all the case should go to court, to punish the guilty and get a decent settlement for his clients, nd to restore his standing as a lawyer (The Verdict). Conclusion Bad lawyers are not Just in movies are not Just in movies.As you can see by the few example articles that I talked about ambulance chasing is a real thing and happens more often than you think. It often happens on a daily basis there are always lawyers or somebody out there trying to take advantage of you. As I read in a fe w articles ambulance chasing attorneys are viewed as bottom chasers, theyre not very well liked. The Verdict does a really good Job portraying an ambulance chasing attorney. Those types of lawyers are always trying to get a lawsuit on something to get an easy buck.When you go as far as go to funerals and such right after a family has had a death in the family to try to catch a case in my eyes thats having low morals and its frowned upon. As far as having a bad lawyer in general you Just have to be careful on that and take all the necessary precautions to avoid them. The tips I stated above are a few helpful hints to spot a bad attorney. As society grows and changes I hope lawyers wont be as hungry and try to have a little sympathy for others and reevaluate their morals.