Effect of Brexit on the Special Relationship Between the UK and US

install of Br going on the additional Relationship Between the UK and USTheUK arsenot retain its specific kind with the United States whilst existencesemi- disjointed from the European UnionSuccess is the effectualnessto go from superstar failure to an some other with no loss of vehemence Sir WinstonChurchill1The United Kingdom (UK) has no closer ally than the United States (US), and the British impertinent policy underlines our close coordination with the United States. These close relations were comfortably assureed by the United Kingdoms attachment with the US during some(prenominal) World Wars, in the Korean conflict, in the Persian disconnection War, and more recently in Iraq and in Afghanistan conflicts, additionally through its bug out as a founding member of the North Atlantic accordance Organization. This has contributed to forming a picky alliance with the US. Within this quiz the modified family is defined as a political or technical enclosure ming led with the UK and the United States governments2. Semi dethatched is defined as no eternal existence a member of the European Union (EU) sideline referendum. During 2016 a major event was the referendum in the UK on 23 June to withdraw from the European Union, which resulted in the British population voting to trust the EU. Following the promulgation it posed a number of uncertainties, one of these was our Special Relationship with the US.In answering the question ofthe UK bunsnot retain its Special Relationship with the US whilst being semi-detachedfrom the EU thither atomic number 18 3 key areas that this essay bequeath look at are political,military and saving. I turn in consideredthese points because, the twain countries have-to doe with to collect a number offundamental vernacular sidelines in orbicular political aspects, scotch stability,military cohesion and with these structures they are commensurate to cooperate closelyas permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. This essay give consider the implications onboth sides of the Atlantic and argue that the UK can retain its supererogatory birth with the US whilst being semi detached from the EU, others mayfeel this is a failure by leaving the EU.Is the Special Relationship amid Britain andthe US fundamentally damaged? Its an old alliance based on shared historiesand values, one that has developed the cornerstone of British foreign policy subsequently two world wars3.The element of the special human relationship is nothing new, it hasbeen well established since Winston Churchill coined the phrase specialrelationship during a lecture tour of American universities in 1945 and hiswords are for certain resonate today. Thespecialness of the two countries relationship has endured, although it couldbe seen as cool at times, this has been particularly difficult when the personalrelationship betwixt the US President and the British Prime Minster wasnt sostrong. Whilst the co mpass point of closenessbetween the nations is and has been more often than not determined by judgments of jointpolitical, heap subsidies, military cohesion and the personal factor have pass away outd to have a strong influence. about may say that the imbalance between the relative power between thetwo nations, may have by chance been one-sided and occasionally the UK has been do to appear rather subservient. Inthe look of both nations, this was evident when the then Prime Minister TonyBlair was seen to freely adjudge the acceptance of the Bush regimes polices overIraq. This resulted in a certain hail of criticism of the British governmentin the UK and many felt that Britain is secure to closely to the US. In 2016 there was two main political eventsthat were habitualise intelligence activity, the first being Britain voted to leave the EU in Juneafter 43 years of increasingly ambivalent membership was greeted with a mixtureof defiance, hero-worship and jubilation across the continent. The second big politicalevent being on the early hours on 9 November, when Donald Trump took to thestage in New York to declare his victory as the new President of the US. Some said a political novice, however MrTrump along the means had defeated the most experienced presidential candidate indecades. The public opinion of thespecial relationship between the UK and US is being moreover divided amongstboth populations this was evident and highlighted during the Presidentialcampaign in November 2016. end-to-endthe campaign President Trump campaigned on making America groovy again.In January 2017 Theresa May agreed to renew the specialrelationship for this new age when she met with president Donald Trump. MPs, including anumber of Mays own Conservative party, had expressed their personal reservationsabout Mays visit given Trumps previous controversial comments and stances ona range of issues4. The UK and the US closely work and frequently touch on on foreign policy is sues and global problems and share major foreignand security policy objectives. Worryingly as we look to the forthcoming day there aremany unknowns, on both sides of the Atlantic and the UK post Brexit bequeath driveto sustain global influence and without the EU the UK could find themselveslargely dependant on the US. The Special relationship may well be furthertested and could mean a some(prenominal) wider separation than that rightful(prenominal) of the EU. This nodoubt would be devastating for the UK politically, militarily and moresubstantially financially. This role for the UK as a given global partner to theUS is far more likely to survive following the decision to leave the EU thanwill the UKs which maybe used as a diplomatic bridge between the US andEurope.Since 1917, well sooner the special relationship was evermentioned or quoted by Winston Churchill, the UK and US have collaborated to happiness in two world wars, two Gulf wars, and during the Cold War. During the 19 80s, the mutual support providedby this alliance has developed to the success of unilateral American andBritish military actions against Libya and Argentina, both of these actionswere resisted by other European allies. passim the 1980s, the conclusivedecade of the Cold War, the elimination of Soviet SS-20 missiles from Europeand the remotion of Soviet troops from Afghanistan occurred as a consequence ofAnglo-American initiatives that were either foreign or disregarded on thecontinent. Ever since the well coordinatedterrorist rape in 2001, that made headlines all over the world and became knownas 9/11, the UK has remained beside the US in Iraq and Afghanistan as its mostright-hand and bona fide ally in the war on terror5. These joint military efforts have been basedupon much of an arrangement of strategic interests with the similar political and nitty-grittyual culture and values with a world wide view. Also the powerful use of perceptionsharing and close practical battlefiel d quislingism, has been made possibleby the shared use of military equipment and technology. Both the UK and US have agreed that both defence departments, will now continueto search for increased interoperability across the spectrum of militaryoperations. The US Defence strategical Guidance6and UK Strategic Defence and Security Review7recently reached many common conclusions, including the get for increasedcooperation in dealing with the threats we face. We are committed to working together, andwith other close allies, wherever possible.The maritime commitment hasbeen strengthened with secretarial assistant Panetta and Secretary Hammond recently signeda Statement of Intent directing the US and Royal Navy to seek ways to betterdeveloped aircraft immune carrier doctrine and maritime power projection capabilities8. On the Land environment both the UK and UScontinue to develop very similar initiatives in arrange to enhance the alreadyclose ground force relationship however increa sed training opportunities inEurope and ex swaps in the US. As close associate, the US and UK continue to host each others forces in order to conducttraining and be prepared to deploy when necessary, and in future conduct currentoperations. The US presently has over 9,000 personnel stationed in the UK, primarilyon joint Royal Air Force bases such as RAF Mildenhall and Lakenheath inSuffolk, where US regiments conduct fighter, transport, logistics and aerialrefuelling operations. The Joint compend Centre at RAF Molesworth is aexample of the cooperation, where British analysts and US superintend the worldstrouble areas together. The four US services continue to send exchangepersonnel to work with the UK armed forces, and exchange both senior and juniormilitary abilityrs in British defence schools.The UK before long has around 800 British personnel in the US. In the Airthe UK is a partner in the information of the Joint Strike Fighter, which is a eccentric program with each countr ys defence industries sharing the developmentof a common future platform that will ensure the US and UK, and other partnersposses the latest technology in air superiority for the contiguous generation. Our Military cohesion was extended even further in 2014, when theUK and US signed a new agreement that was critical to Brittans Trident thermo atomicweapons organization, was signed by British and US officials, the news stated thatthe 1958 UK-US mutual Defence Agreement has been updated. This new amendment that will last for 10years, one which will permit the transfer between the US and UK of classifiednuclear information concerning nuclear technology, atomic weapons and controllednuclear material and critical information.At the time the President Obama stated intends to continue to maintainvi adequate to(p) nuclear forces into the foreseeable future he also mentioned that itwas in Americas interest, to continue to help the UK in maintaining acredible nuclear preventative9. The co ntinued close security cooperationbetween the UK and US is probably outlet to continue, particularly inintelligence sharing. The EU has been traditionally excluded from aspects ofthe conversation of intelligence which has taken place between the Englishspeaking Five eye states US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand10. Evidence and history has shown that the UKand US stand get up to shoulder with each otherin order to deter and if necessary, defeat the threats to our common way oflife. The future does indicate a numberof new opportunities to strengthen this relationship further. With any newstrategic circumstances, come new reasons to cooperate. We certainly cannotafford to miss these opportunities. With both countries recognising thatmany of the problems that we both face cant be solved alone.That shoulder to shoulder stance, was put in the spotlight and madeheadlines across the world, when on the 23 June 2016 the decision for the UK toexit from the EU was a clear demonstration that history is not linear. The following day the previous prime misterDavid Cameroon resigned and the UK pound plummeted. The FTSE 100 lostsignificant ground, but then the pound rallied past the previous Februarylevels and the FTSE closed on a weekly high of 2.4%, this was its bestperformance in 4 months on what many speculated would be a future of economicgloom. The previous US president Obamadecided we wouldnt be at the back of the queue after all, and that orspecial relationship was quiesce strong.Following the Brexit vote in June 2016, thiswill now allow the UK to make a new course as a sovereign, it will bring afree nation and one which will be able to implement free muckle agreements withcountries across the world once the UK exits the EU in 2019. On the 29 March 2016, the UK changed itshistory by submitting a six- scalawag letter from Mrs May triggering Article 50,which was handed to European Council President Donald Tusk11. When the UK leaves the EU in2019 this will o pen the opportunities for the future of a free trade agreementbetween the UK and US. currently the UK has the fifth largest economy and theUS the largest in the world respectively.Just seven days after taking office Teresa May was the first foreignleader to visit Donald Trump after being elected for president12.History has shown us that in the past the economic polices of the UK and the UShas been seen as a similarity since the 1970s. The UK economic growth has heldup netter than expected in the 12 months following the Brexit vote, in thelonger term, the UK economy show continue to grow to around 2%, followingBrexit. Currently when it comes to UK exports to a single nation, the US is theUKs largest export destination with a current market worth some 3.5 billion.Equally, the US is the UKs ternion biggest after China and Germany, procuringsome 2.9billion of products form the US.In my mind there does appear to be two key thoughts that Brexit ishaving much less of an effect and impact in the US. Firstly the relativeisolation of the US economy, as only 15% of GDP is related to international trade.Secondly, in the last 18 months investors in the US were anticipating a rise inthe interest rate, which would have had a negative impact. Following Brexit andthe global uncertainty caused by the outcome, the Federal Reserve System putthe increase on hold. This has allowedthe US markets plenty of opportunity to go even higher13. For the future theUK and the US should pass exploring areas where the alignment of bilateralregulatory systems can lead to new trade opportunities and reduce costs ofunnecessary regulation. The UK and USGovernments should also increase collaboration in higher education, especiallybetween our world-leading universities, this would allow for our countries tobuild on their joint leadership role and pull together on the enormous economicpotential linked to it. The UK and theUS economies are described by large and growing services sectors and should explore ways of enhancing trade in services, particularly in business services,which are key input for global supply chains14.Insummary, If Britains world influence weakens, and the US continues to changeits priorities away from Europe to other more surging geopolitical challenges,the special relationship could face a low-spirited future. The UKsvaluableness to the US could increase if the EU were to acquire a much more restless global position. It is true trade deals will be forged with the USfollowing the semi-detached status from the EU, and clearly no longer part ofthe EU economy. There is no doubt It will have a much weaker negotiating powerand gravitational pull than previously held, thus relying on the turn outspecial relationship in order to take the alliance forrard and beyond 2019.TheSpecial Relationship has been the worlds most powerful bilateral partnershipfor over 70 years and is fundamentally of the essence(predicate) to both London and Washington.It has played a vi tal role in the defence of the free world since World War IIand has been submissive in advancing economic freedom across the globe.The UK and US has make a specialrelationship, which was formed and built well before any mention of the UKleaving the EU. The UK canretain its special relationship by working closely with the US, we continueto set an example for others and will persist to deliver a basis for furthercollaboration with our Allies and partners around the world, which includethrough NATO, in the future years to come.Bibliographyhttp//transatlanticrelations.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/HFAC-US-UK-testimony-Feb-1-2017-dh-final.pdfhttps//www.chathamhouse.org/ practised/comment/planning-post-brexit-britain-s-place-global-stagehttps//uk.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/http//www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2016/03/why-britain-should-end-special-relationship-ushttp//www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2017/03/theresa-mays-article-50-letter-what-she-said-and-wh at-she-meanthttp//www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/can-the-special-relationship-survive-outside-the-eu-7107966.htmlhttp//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/31/2016-review-world-events-changed-history/http//www.nationalreview.com/article/436687/brexit-us-british-military-cooperationhttps//obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/03/14/joint-fact-sheet-us-and-uk-defense-cooperationhttp//www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Publications/2015_National_Military_Strategy.pdfhttps//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/575378/national_security_strategy_strategic_defence_security_review_annual_report_2016.pdfhttps//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3846.htmhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-38778452/may-meets-trump-three-key-thingshttp//www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-39431428http//www.economywatch.com/economy-business-and-finance-news/the-uk-and-the-us-same-problem-different-results.07-07.html?page=fullThe economic impact of Brexithttps//www.ft.com/content /9a5cd3ee-4acc-11e7-a3f4-c742b9791d43Moving Forward The future of the UK-US economic relationship1The Quotation page 20872 Oxford bibliographies3 The New statesman, Mar20164 The protector 26 Jan20175Nationalreview.com/article/436687/brexit-us-british-military-cooperation6jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Publications/2015_National_Military_Strategy.pdf7National_security_strategy_strategic_defence_security_review_annual_report_2016.pdf8 Whitehouse joint-fact-sheet-us-and-uk-defense-cooperation9Theguardian.com/world/defence and security 29 Jul 1410 The Independent 28 Jun1611bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-3943142812bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-38778452/may-meets-trump-three-key-things13woodfordfunds.com/economic-impact-brexit-report14https//www.babinc.org/moving-forward-future-uk-us-economic-relationship/